IFNG and infection: In a 2019 study using BALB/c mice with nonhealing L. amazonensis infection, da Fonseca Martins et al. observed that anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies elicited a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and resulted in increased control of infection in the BALB/c mice [116].