To further support the involvement of NLRP3-inflammasome in HIV-1 pathogenesis, in a study involving 150 HIV-1-infected Brazilian subjects and 158 healthy controls, Pontillo et al., (2012) demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms within NLRP3 (rs10754558) and IL1β (rs1143634) genes were significantly associated with HIV-1 infection [97]. Here, IL1B is linked to HIV-1 infection.