However, in the Restrictive versus Liberal Fluid Therapy for Major Abdominal Surgery (RELIEF) randomized trial of 3000 surgical patients, the incidence of AKI, RRT, and surgical site infection was higher in those receiving intraoperatively restricted fluids (median, 6.5 mL/kg/h) than in those receiving a liberal amount of fluid (10.9 mL/kg/h) with crystalloids and colloids including albumin and HES [4]. Here, ALB is linked to acute kidney injury.