Furthermore, the analysis also showed that TC-1 tumor tissue sections from NDV-HA2 treatment have dramatically amplified staining of the apoptotic molecule caspase-3 expression as compared to NDV virotherapy (Fig. 8) (P < 0.01), indicating that combined NDV-HA2 therapy is able to stimulate key executioners of apoptosis as one of the central tumor growth inhibitory mechanism (Fig. 8). This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and neoplasm.