Both PDGFs and their receptors (PDGFR-α and -β) are implicated in tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.232–235 PDGF-AA and PDGF-CC mainly bind to PDGFR-α, whereas PDGF-BB binds to PDGFR-β.236 PDGFR-β is expressed in the mesenchyme, particularly in vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes.230,237 PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β signaling elicits several well-characterized signaling cascades, such as Ras-MAPK, PI3K, and PLC-γ. Here, PDGFRA is linked to neoplasm.