Since IKKα phosphorylation can indicate activation of the non-canonical pathway, we also compared the proportion of p52 (which translocates to the nucleus after activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway; see Figure 1) in the cytoplasm and nucleus in MS patients and healthy subjects and found that MS patients generally had a higher percentage of their p52 in the nucleus. Here, CHUK is linked to myeloid sarcoma.