CSF3 and neoplasm: The role of neutrophils in cancer is controversial because seemingly contradictory capabilities play a role in promoting tumour or anti-tumour effects.6 The tumour associated neutrophils (TAN) with a functional bias in N1 and N2 phenotype, cytokine repertoire, and its effects on CD8+ T cells has been observed.7,8 In murine studies, different tumour microenvironment factors, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) polarised TANs to the N2 phenotype.7,9 Whereas, blocking TGF-β or interferon-β (IFN-β) polarised TANs to N1 phenotype.10