ELP3 and neoplasm: Examples of tRNA modifiers involved in carcinogenesis include ELP3, which is up-regulated in different tumor types and acts on the Wnt pathway (52) and also has been related to metastasis formation (53); the tRNA methyltransferase 9B, which has been proposed to exert a role in tumor suppression (54); and the tRNA methyltransferase NSUN2, which undergoes gene amplification-associated overexpression in human tumors (55).