We analyzed the haplotype structure of the four-digit HLA alleles and found that the HLA class I and class II leprosy risk alleles belonged to a long-range haplotype spanning from HLA-A to HLA-DPB1, with a frequency of 4.37% in cases and 1.5% in controls (haplotype HLA-A*29:01~ HLA-C*15:05~ HLA-B*07:05~ HLA-DRB1*10:01~ HLA-DQA1*01:05~ HLA-DQB1*05:01~ HLA-DPB1*104:01, Fig 1 and S1 Fig). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DPB1 and leprosy.