In the recent multicenter, randomized controlled trial of islet transplantation versus insulin therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes with severe hypoglycemia or poorly controlled glycaemia after kidney transplantation (TRIMECO), islet transplantation was shown to produce significantly lower HbA1c (5.6% vs 8.2%), superior protection from severe hypoglycemia, and significantly improved quality of life compared to intensive insulin therapy, at 6 months post-transplantation [33]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.