In addition, several other predictive markers were investigated recently including dMMR/MSI-H, oncogenic driver mutations (EGFR, KRAS, and ALK), gut microbiota, peripheral immune cell, circulating tumour DNA, peripheral cytokines, and patient previous history or pathological features (COPD, smoking, and family history of cancer) [23]. Here, EGFR is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.