After multiple stepwise regression taking serum GSH, MDA, SOD, and TNF-α as dependent variables (due to the non-normal distribution, we used the logarithmically transformed data for GSH and MDA and the square root of the TNF-α data were used in the analysis), and age, course of disease, FBG, HblAc, HOMA-IR, vitamin D, SDBG, TXNIP, use of insulin, and use of metformin as independent variables, serum TXNIP was identified as a positive influencing factor for MDA and TNF-α in T2DM patients (P < 0.05). Here, SOD1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.