MAPK3 and ovarian carcinoma: LPARs (LPAR1–6) are GPCRs and the LPA signal is mainly induced by these six GPCRs, which activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Ca2+ mobilization, RAC, RAS and Rho, and stimulate ovarian cancer cell survival and migration [54, 55].