The ligands of NKp46 include [42] (1) tumor cell ligands, such as ligands from melanoma and myeloma (but most of the tumor cell ligands are still unknown); (2) viral ligands, such as hemagglutinin (HA), hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN); (3) bacterial ligands, such as vimentin on the mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected cell surfaces; and (4) parasitic ligands, such as Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein (PfEMP1). This evidence concerns the gene VIM and neoplasm.