TTR and heart failure: Recent research has shown just how common it is in elderly subjects with AS (8,9,33,34), but it is not limited to this population; indeed, 13% of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may have underlying cardiac amyloid (35), and 5% of those with LV hypertrophy may have variant ATTR-CA (this study used genotyping to screen LV hypertrophy patients and thus will have missed those with wild-type ATTR-CA) (36).