Here, we identified the Leukotriene (LT) synthesis rate-limiting enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) primarily in neurons and to a lesser extent in a subpopulation of microglia in human Alzheimer ́s Disease (AD) hippocampus brain sections and in brains of APP Swedish PS1 dE9 (APP-PS1) mice, a transgenic model for Alzheimer ́s Disease (AD) pathology. This evidence concerns the gene ALOX5 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.