HIF1A and breast carcinoma: For example, the secretion of extracellular vesicle-packaged HIF-1α-stabilizing lncRNA by tumor-associated macrophages inhibits the hydroxylation and degradation of HIF-1α by blocking the interaction of prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 and HIF-1α in breast cancer cells, facilitating their aerobic glycolysis and chemoresistance [39].