Variables are roughly divided in the following domains, i.e., demographic factors (gender and ethnicity), diagnosis profile (date of diagnosis, eye and foot examination, kidney function, autoantibodies), lifestyle and social factors (smoking status, height, weight, body mass index), diabetes control (HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profile, liver enzymes), complications (microvascular organ damage and severe hypoglycemia), mortality, and treatment factors (lifestyle management, diet, oral medication, insulin treatment and glucose sensing). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.