Consistent with a role for these VGF-derived peptides in regulation of hippocampal neuronal plasticity and potentially AD pathogenesis, VGF C-terminal peptides TLQP-62 and/or TLQP-21 regulate hippocampal dendritic length and branching, synapse number, and synaptic protein levels, in vitro and/or in vivo14,16,42,73,74. The gene discussed is VGF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.