Our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) human Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (LIHC) dataset confirmed that key genes involved in SAA metabolism, including MAT1A, BHMT, CBS, CTH, and CDO1, are suppressed in HCC compared to normal liver (Supplementary Fig. 1a). Here, CDO1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.