While large numbers of MDSCs in mice with AdIL-17A-transduced tumor cells caused strong immune suppression that resulted in enhanced tumor growth and metastasis, anti-Gr1 antibody and anti-G-CSF therapies were able to effectively control MDSC-mediated tumor growth and lung metastasis (Fig. 9 and Supplementary Fig. 3). Here, CSF3 is linked to neoplasm.