The findings disagree with that of previous literature whereby reductions in CD62L expression (Kurokawa et al. 1995; van Eeden et al. 1999) as well as increases in CD11b and CD66b (Pizza et al. 1996; Smith et al. 1996; van Eeden et al. 1999) were not observed post-exercise in COPD patients. Here, ITGAM is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.