In our previous study, abnormal mitochondrial morphology and reduced enzymatic activity of OXPHOS (complexes I, II, III, and IV) along with mitochondrial dysfunction were observed in RSS chickens’ livers (Li et al., 2019), which are in agreement with the manifestations of human MDS caused by TWNK mutations (Hakonen et al., 2007; Sarzi et al., 2007; Vi et al., 2012; Prasad et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene TWNK and myelodysplastic syndrome.