Since S100A12 (key regulator of inflammatory process) is also part of the IL-1 family signaling pathway in CF response to RV infection, we postulate that the CF AECs could be directing from pro-inflammatory IL-1 signaling under sterile inflammation to a hyperinflammatory condition characterized by NF-κB signaling cascades during RV infection. The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is cystic fibrosis.