Genes associated with interleukin 1 family signaling–driven proinflammatory activity are IL36G; receptor antagonist IL36RN; IL1R2; IL1RN; receptor IL18R1; protein phosphatase PTPN12; pellino proteins PELI1, PELI3, and IRAK kinase IRAK2, IRAK3; and key immune and inflammatory response regulator S100A12. Other cytokines with essential immunomodulatory functions, including IL-7, IL-10, IL-15, and IL-2 family signaling, were the significantly over-represented pathways unique for CF response to RV infection. Here, IRAK2 is linked to cystic fibrosis.