Most of the cytokines that were highly expressed in dengue patients including CCL2, CCL5, CCL20 and CXCL1 are involved in leukocyte infiltration where the rearrangement of junctional complex proteins such as ICAM-1, which was detected significantly higher in patients with SD, may lead to the disruption of inter-endothelial junctions. Here, CCL5 is linked to dengue disease.