SERPINA1 and lung disorder: This information comes mainly from seven major observational studies (Table 1), and mostly from two major cohorts, namely the German scientific working group for the therapy of lung diseases (WALT from the German abbreviation: Wissenschaftliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft zur Therapie von Lungenerkrankungen) [18,19,20] and the American NHBLI registry for individuals with severe deficiency of AAT [21,22], together with other studies in the USA [23] and Spain [24].