IL1B and Sepsis: TLRs, through regulation of the NFκB pathway in both immune and endothelial cells, finally induce the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [112] Recently, Wu et al. used a rat model of ALI to clarify the role of sepsis and hypoxia in ALI.