Specifically, our group (Leaphart et al., 2007) and others (Jilling et al., 2006) have shown a crucial role for TLR4 activation in the intestinal epithelium for the pathogenesis of NEC, which was further confirmed in mice lacking Tlr4 specifically in the intestinal epithelium (Sodhi et al., 2012). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is necrotizing enterocolitis.