In both TCGA and CGGA cohorts, we found that TOX was positively associated with eosinophils in pan-glioma analysis, whereas multiple immune cell types with infiltration characteristics including macrophages, monocytes, CD4+ TEM, CD8+ T effector memory cells (TEM), neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and natural killer (NK) cells were negatively associated with TOX in pan-glioma analysis and in LGG analysis (Fig. 7d, f; Additional file 2: Fig. S2, Additional file 3: Fig. S3). Here, TOX is linked to central nervous system cancer.