TGFA and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In support, overexpression of TGFα in mice has resulted in the development of pathologic fibrotic lesions similar to those found in IPF, including fibroproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and subpleural fibrosis migrating into the interstitium, myofibroblast transformation, and a progressive decline in lung function (Hardie et al, 2004, 2010; Sontake et al, 2018; Kasam et al, 2019).