GPX4 and Brain atrophy: Prevented lipid ROS, MDA and GPx activity deficit (in vitro); inhibited Hb/ferrous-induced and hemin/hemoglobin-induced neuronal death (in vitro); reduced iron deposition and lipid ROS; diminished injury volume; rescued degenerating neurons, and corrected neurologic deficit in collagenase-induced ICH model; suppressed the level of GPX4; alleviated neuronal dysfunction; moderated brain atrophy and exerted long-term neuroprotective effects in autologous blood infusion model of ICH.