Another report from our lab revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome-activated IL-1β promoted 5-FU resistance in OSCC both in vitro and in vivo [31], and combining these data, it can be inferred that the presence of C. albicans in oral cancer may influence the effect of chemotherapy by inducing IL-1β production, which was also a potential target for treating oral cancer. Here, NLRP3 is linked to lip and oral cavity carcinoma.