Oxidative stress in CaMKII by methionine-oxidized CaMKII was also observed in patients with atrial fibrillation (Purohit et al., 2013; Yoo et al., 2018), which also demonstrates that oxidative stress can act in part through increased constitutive activity of CaMKII, creating a highly vulnerable substrate within the HF that promotes atrial fibrillation beyond fibrosis. The gene discussed is CAMK2G; the disease is hydrops fetalis.