Recently, published studies have revealed the remarkable expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes; the Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg CD4+ subgroups were present in the circulation, HF myocardium, spleen and lymph nodes in murine models of ischemic HF, with the Th2 and Th17 subsets being predominant 109. Here, CD4 is linked to hydrops fetalis.