As has been reported, exogenous IL-4 stimulation decreased the membranous epithelial marker E-cadherin level and increased cytoplasmic mesenchymal marker vimentin level at the mRNA and protein levels in CRC cell lines, and both E-cadherin and vimentin were biomarkers representing the stimulation of EMT in cancer cells 51. The gene discussed is VIM; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.