Our results add to the accumulating evidence that IFI16 restricts various viral pathogens, including herpes-, papilloma-, polyoma- and retroviruses, independently of their effects on the inflammasome and interferon responses [26,27,31,51] and further support that this function is shared by the nuclear human PYHIN proteins PYHIN1 and MNDA. This evidence concerns the gene IFI16 and papilloma.