In particular, the most prominent DMPs signals detected in antiviral and interferon response GO categories and correlated with virological parameters included: PARP9/DTX3L, MX1, USP18, IFI44L and PLSCR1. These ISGs have been previously described to be involved in different viral infections, including HIV-1 [21–23]. The gene discussed is USP18; the disease is viral infectious disease.