NFE2L2 and cancer: In fact, in cancer cells, several redox-sensitive transcription factors [protein p53, nuclear erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB)] are hyper-activated and are able to modulate the expression of both antioxidant genes and of signal transduction proteins [protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), serine-protein kinase (ATM), etc.].