Large-scale chromosomal deletions at 9p21.3 (CDKN2A) and 2q35 and amplifications at 11q13.3 (CCND1), 5p15.33, 8q24, 2q31.2 (NFE2L2), 8p11.23, 7q22.1 and 3q27 (SOX2) have been described in dysplastic esophageal tissues and are thought to be early events in ESCC carcinogenesis [18]. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.