In overweight and obesity, macronutrient excess in the adipose tissues stimulates adipocytes to release tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other pro-inflammatory mediators and to reduce production of the anti-inflammatory adiponectin, thus predisposing to a pro-inflammatory state and oxidative stress [13]. Here, TNF is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.