A case-control study involving 130 bladder cancer patients versus 346 normal individuals also showed significant differences in the genotype (OR for “FF” = 2.042) or allelic frequency (OR for “F” = 1.489) of VDR (Fok-l) polymorphism [58], suggesting the association between reduced VDR activity and elevated bladder cancer risk. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and urinary bladder carcinoma.