In our system, RaptorECKO increased GM-CSF expression and CD11c+CD103+ DC infiltration in tumors (Figure 6, A–E) but did not consistently increase the infiltration of CD11b+Ly6G+ (Gr1+) cells, a population commonly defined as MDSCs, in the tumor microenvironment (Supplemental Figure 3, C and D), suggesting that the primary role of GM-CSF in RaptorECKO tumors is to promote CD103+ DC functions. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAE and neoplasm.