VIM and breast carcinoma: On contrary, study has also demonstrated contradictory findings in which MTHFD2-knockdown did not significantly alter cell proliferation or induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) [18]; however, it regulated cell motility and invasion through disrupting vimentin network formation and reducing N-cadherin expression, which are the key regulators for epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway.