DDX53 and neoplasm: CTLs, especially CD8+ lymphocytes, are considered the major component of antitumor immunities induced by tumor vaccines that can perform direct lysis of target tumor cells precisely.37 Thus, to evaluate the CTLs specific to B16 and CT26 tumor cells, the splenic monocytes from tumor-bearing mice intratumorally injected with NDV-MIP3α, NDV-WT, or PBS were used as effector cells, and B16 or CT26 cells as target cells.