TNF and neoplasm: However, mature DCs lose their abilities to respond to MIP-3α.48 MIP-3α is majorly expressed in the lung, liver, and lymphoid tissues, as well as in endothelial cells and monocytes after these tissues are invaded by pathogens, or the cells are exposed to inflammatory stimuli such as LPS or TNF-α.48 49 In our current study, we found that there was no MIP-3α expression in both the B16 and CT26 tumor cells ex vivo and tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice in vivo.