Targeted lysis of tumor cells by OVs results in ICD of tumor cells, the release of tumor antigens, and the secretion of type I interferon (IFN-α), and all of these factors can efficiently promote DC maturation and cross-presentation of tumor antigens.30 31 In addition, OVs can be used as gene-engineering vectors to express active molecules.32 The oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is reported to have all of these characteristics.31–33 Thus, in this study, NDV was used as a carrier to express MIP-3α (hereafter named NDV-MIP3α). Here, CCL20 is linked to neoplasm.