CD4 and neoplasm: Based on the consideration that the quantitative ratios are probably more important in the tumour immune microenvironment, this study focuses on the prognostic significance of TILs and the relations of the CD8/Foxp3 and CD8/CD4 ratios with clinical outcomes and further seeks to determine more reliable biomarkers in a relatively larger advanced HPSCC cohort, which may appropriately select high-risk patients eligible for more aggressive therapeutic agents.