At these trimesters, women with high STAI trait scores (≥40) showed an increase in serum cortisol and CRH concentrations and lower insulin sensitivity index (ISI) values than those with low scores (< 40), suggesting that long- and short- term stress and high anxiety are associated with an enhanced maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response, in addition to an increased secretion of adrenal cortisol and increased placental CRH secretion [64]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Anxiety.