A sampling of patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack showed a non-significant trend towards elevation in IL-6 in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to levels in patients with large artery atherosclerosis, but CRP was similar between groups (6.2 ± 5.4 mg/L vs 5.1 ± 4.2 mg/L, respectively), and lower than many of the CRP values seen here in AIS + D patients [19]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and atrial fibrillation.