VEGFA and neoplasm: Blockade of immune checkpoints, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and PD-1, that are negative regulators which inhibit T-cell proliferation and activity, could result in tumor eradication through reactivation and enhancement of the internal T-cell response [27]; moreover, VEGF inhibition has been shown to suppress angiogenesis as well as increase the recruitment and tumor infiltration of T cells [28, 29].