Alongside the hypothesis that CB dysfunction contributes to metabolic diseases, we described how hypercaloric diet animals [13] and prediabetes patients [21] exhibit increased basal ventilation and showed that prediabetic dysmetabolism correlates with increased peripheral chemosensitivity, as evaluated by the Dejours test, which measures the decrease in basal ventilation produced by 100% O2 (hyperoxia), and that this correlates with abdominal perimeter and insulin resistance [21]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and prediabetes syndrome.