SMAD3 and diabetic kidney disease: Here, we detected kidney VASH-1 levels in diabetic rats induced by STZ in vivo, and levels of oxidative stress and fibrosis factors in high glucose and Vash1 siRNA cultured rat mesangial cells (RMCs) in vitro to investigate the function of VASH-1 with SIRT1/HIF1α and TGFβ1/Smad3 pathway regulating oxidative stress and fibrosis in DKD.